Consumption acceleration driven by increasing diagnostic level, patients’ coverage, income growth and economic recovery, innovative therapies consumption increase.

Government budgets expansion in two directions: selected therapies budget increase (oncology, cardio etc.) and additional budget sources (e.g. compulsory health insurance in Kazakhstan, Azerbaijan, Uzbekistan).

Regulatory changes: ongoing healthcare reform in Ukraine, industry de-shadowing policies and tender process in Uzbekistan etc.

Pricing pressure: tight prices controls in Kazakhstan, Uzbekistan, and Azerbaijan, growing generics substitution.

Low penetration of medical services / diagnostic level (low educational level of physicians, diagnostic level for special diseases etc.

Local government initiatives / promotional restrictions: f2f visits restriction in Central Asia, prescription controls in Uzbekistan, official parallel import in Ukraine and Georgia.